India as a Union of States (Articles 1–4)
Key flashcards on Articles 1–4 covering India's territory, naming, and the creation or reorganisation of states.
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Questions Covered in This Set
10 cards to master
What does Article 1(1) declare?
"India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States" — giving the country two official names and declaring the form of the polity.
Why did Ambedkar prefer 'Union' over 'Federation'?
Because the Indian federation was not the result of an agreement among states, and the states have no right to secede from it.
What three things make up the territory of India under Article 1(3)?
(1) Territories of the States, (2) the Union Territories, and (3) such other territories as may be acquired.
Difference between 'Union of India' and 'territory of India'?
'Union of India' covers only the States (federal members sharing power); 'territory of India' is wider, also including Union Territories and acquired territories.
What does Article 2 empower Parliament to do?
Admit or establish new States — it looks outward, at territory not already part of India (e.g. Sikkim's admission in 1975).
What four powers does Article 3 give Parliament?
Form a new State from existing territory, increase or diminish a State's area, alter its boundaries, and alter its name — looking inward.
What is the key rule in Article 4?
Laws under Articles 2 and 3 may change the First and Fourth Schedules and are NOT deemed constitutional amendments under Article 368 — so only a simple majority is needed.
What two procedural conditions apply to an Article 3 Bill?
It can be introduced only on the President's recommendation, and only after the President refers it to the affected State's legislature for its views within a specified time.
Is Parliament bound by the affected State's opinion?
No. The referral is consultative, not consensual — the State need not even give an opinion.
What did Babulal Parate v. State of Bombay (1960) hold?
A fresh reference to the State legislature is not needed each time the Bill is amended in Parliament.
